However, not all of the barrel could be converted to gasoline or jet fuels, or fuel oils. The remnants of the barrel, asphaltenes, petroleum pitch residue, had no commercial value and presented a disposable problem. Land fill was out of the question and use as a fuel was impractical (unlike coal-tar pitch). The delayed coker was developed to take care of growth in amounts of disposable pitch and the words ‘delayed coke’ were heard more frequently.

Energy Convers. Mang. 2010, 51, 30–32. An important point that is often ignored is that by the time the reversible potential for oxygen evolution is reached, an oxide layer has been formed on all metals. At more anodic potentials, where measurements can actually be conducted to follow the oxygen evolution, the oxide film may be several molecular layers thick. In other words, the OER never occurs on the bare metal surface.

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These greenhouse gases kept the atmospheric and oceanic temperatures compatible with chemical reactions leading to molecules evolution, i.e., the creation of life. The oceanic plant forms took out the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and replace it with oxygen . These early plants became entrapped within the rocks and their remains are now identified as kerogens, and petroleum deposits and methane reservoirs. As the continents of earth moved over its surface the great rainforests were established, which provided the organic material that, after being chemically degraded and fossilised, is now recognizable as coal. Nature in the process of maturation of kerogen and coal, had, as the end product, graphitic material, which is the basis of all carbon forms, with the exception of crystalline diamond. About 15,000 years ago, petroleum and coal appeared making life very easy for modern man.

For smelters that produce Carbon Anodes, Bathco can provide spent Anodes … Read More